Oregano tea for coughs. This consortium study defined distinct somatic cancer gene mutation patterns by race/ethnicity and sex among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), yielding novel biological clues into early-onset CRC disparities. Mexico's rate of C-sections is 30 percent above the rate recommended by the World Health Organization. 108 17-00084 at Western Philippines University . Latino/Hispanic families can provide much support to a child with the disorder and protect him or her from the development of conduct problems (Bauermeister et al., 2005). National Network to Eliminate Disparities in Behavioral Health, SAMHSA National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), AHRQ National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports, OMH National Standards on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care (National CLAS Standards), 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline Approximately half (49.6%) of the patients were aged at least 65 years. The toolkit includes tips and techniques to overcome challenges and increase effectiveness when working with Latino populations. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations to disclose. Cold linseed tea and hibiscus flower tea for diabetes. hispanic methods of treatment. 1 The term does not refer only to Spanish speakers, however; many people usually thought of as "Hispanic"-the people of Brazil, for instance, or those from indigenous Mexican communities-often do not speak Spanish at all, or at least not as their primary language. She says that since her husband died, she has lost interest in what might happen to her in the future. 1 (Sept. 2007). The U.S. Latino population is also quite young relative to the general U.S. population; in 2007, the median age for the former was 27.6, compared to 36.6 for the latter.2. Instituting more culturally competent care is likely to improve treatment adherence and health outcomes. In an NIMHD-funded study, Hirsh and a graduate student, Nicole Hollingshead, are testing whether a computer-simulated intervention can change doctors' attitudes and lead to better treatment for African Americans. A consequence of these problems is a marked disparity in the quality of care that Latino patients receive. Talk. Identifying behavioral health problems is very important to the plan. 2U.S. This article provides an evidence-based review of the prevalence, presentation, and management of major depression in primary care in this heterogeneous ethnic group. This is especially (though far from uniquely) true in the agricultural sector of the U.S. economy. Obesity and genetic factors increase risk. Have a question about government service? Treatment innovations are described that address the combination of intergenerational and cultural differences that occur among youths and their Hispanic parents. Approximately 43 percent of Mexican Americans older than 20 years are obese, compared with 33 percent of non-Latino whites. Keeping these cautionary notes in mind, the cases and commentaries in this section seek to address numerous issues that arise in the course of providing clinical health care for Latino patients of various backgrounds. A large selection of herbal teas are available from botanicas or yerberas in most Latino neighborhoods. Lower rates of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control have been observed in Hispanics/Latinos compared with non-Hispanic whites. Hence, the individual's good cannot be neatly separated from his or her community. Themes common to Latino participants were: "We are put off to one side"; "If I can't work, I can't survive"; and "Without documents, you are no one." Cultural Barriers to Treatment and Compliance. Other healing specialties include yerberas (herbalists), hueseros (bone setters), parteras (midwives), and sobradores (similar to physical therapists).21, Symptoms are often interpreted differently based on cultural presuppositions. 3Pan American Health Organization, "For U.S. Latinos, Shared Heritage Has an Impact on Health," June 9, 2004 (www.paho.org). Delgado Melvin Activities and Hispanic Groups Issues and Suggestions Social from FIL. One exception is the Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent . Neurocysticercosis, a leading cause of seizures in Mexico, and pulmonary tuberculosis are more common in Latino immigrants.10 Interferon gammarelease assay blood testing for tuberculosis is now preferred over tuberculin skin testing in immigrants with a history of bacille Calmette-Gurin vaccination because of a high rate of false-positive results with skin testing (although skin testing is still recommended for children younger than five years).13 Publicized fears of contagion from illegal immigration may be overblown. www.behaviorfrontiers.com. Respeto implies attentive concern for the patient and respect of his or her personhood and age, especially if the patient is older. al., "Important Health Care Issues for California Latinos: Health Insurance and Health Status," UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, January 2003. Latinos are a diverse ethnic group that includes many different cultures, races, and nationalities. Using the LEARN model, you listen to her story about her poor control of diabetes and frustration with her diet. Intense but brief release of emotion thought to be caused by family conflict or anger, No immediate treatment other than calming the patient, Childhood condition characterized by irritability and diarrhea thought to be caused by abrupt withdrawal from the mother's breast, Holding the child upside down or applying gentle pressure to the hard palate, Constipation, cramps, or vomiting thought to be caused by overeating, Abdominal massage and herbal purgative teas; an egg passed over the abdomen supposedly sticks to the affected area, Steam inhalation and herbal treatments, including eucalyptus and mullein (gordolobo), Pelvic congestion and decreased libido thought to be caused by insufficient rest after childbirth, Cold air that is thought to cause respiratory infections and earaches, Steam baths, hot compresses, stimulating herbal teas, A hex cast on children, sometimes unconsciously, that is thought to be caused by the admiring gaze of someone more powerful, The hex can be broken if the person responsible for the hex touches the child, or if a healer passes an egg over the child's body; the egg is then broken into a bowl of water and placed under the child's bed; child may wear charms for protection, Unnatural illness that is not easily explained, Temporary paralysis of the face or limbs, often thought to be caused by a sudden hot-cold imbalance, Posttraumatic illness (e.g., shock, insomnia, depression, anxiety), Barrida ritual purification ceremony (herbs used to sweep patient's body) repeated until the patient improves, Eaten to alleviate hypertension and prevent arteriosclerosis; garlic juice is applied to stings and spider bites, Anticoagulant effect at high doses; avoid high doses in patients taking coumadin (Warfarin); high doses can cause heartburn and bad breath; reduces effectiveness of saquinavir (Invirase), Boiled flowers are used externally on bruises, For topical and homeopathic use only; avoid internal use (except for homeopathic preparations, which are considered safe); increased gastroenteritis and dyspnea risk with ingestion, Hepatotoxicity risk from pyrrolizidine alkaloids (in leaves) with high or prolonged doses, Spice used as antispasmodic and for upper respiratory infections; although promoted as a hypoglycemic agent, recent research is conflicting, Use with caution in patients taking hepatotoxic drugs; safe in usual food quantities, Cilantro (cilantro [leaf] or coriander [seed]), Tea used for anxiety, stomach cramps, and inflamed gums; more recently popularized for increasing the urinary excretion of heavy metals, No safety concerns, although there have been recalls because of salmonella and pesticide contamination, Oil used topically for toothache and bad breath, Eugenol in clove oil may affect blood clotting; toxic if ingested, especially in children, Tea or syrup used as an expectorant, a diuretic, and for constipation, liver problems, and gall stones; also used to induce menstruation, High doses may cause vomiting; avoid in pregnancy; no known interactions, Leaf tea used for anxiety and lethargy, most popular as an aphrodisiac, Theoretical concern of cyanogenic glycoside toxicity with higher doses, Tea used for intestinal parasites; herb is added to beans to prevent flatulence, Chenopodium oil is also used as an antihelmintic but may be toxic (ascaridole content), Tea used for upset stomach and menstrual cramps, and to prevent diarrhea, Long-term ingestion causes absinthism (trembling, vertigo, thirst, delirium); thujone in the essential oil is neurotoxic and may cause seizures, Boiled leaves used for asthma in vaporizers; popular in lozenges for sore throat; also sometimes used as topical disinfectant, Ingesting eucalyptus oil may cause vomiting, diarrhea, delirium, and convulsions; avoid using in vaporizers for children younger than six years, Tea used to treat cough and sore throat; one study reports use for otitis, No known safety concerns (insufficient data) or drug interactions, High doses may cause anticoagulant effects and excess gas or bloating, Fruit juice used for fever, upper respiratory infection (classic cooling herb), and hypertension, Weed leaf used externally for burns, bruises, mouth sores, and hemorrhoids; tea taken orally for respiratory infections, Eaten as part of diet; has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and laxative properties; also used as hangover treatment and for hyperlipidemia, May inhibit drug absorption; excess consumption may cause diarrhea and nausea, Leaf tea used to treat cough, indigestion, and, Safe in small quantities in food, but contains monoterpene ketones, which can cause toxicity (intestinal irritation, kidney damage, abortion, seizures), Toxic herb used to induce menstruation and abort fetuses, Toxic; avoid oral use; may cause renal and hepatic damage; furocoumarins can cause skin photosensitivity, Tea from dried flowers used to relieve cough, Yerba buena (mints, including spearmint and, Mint tea relieves upset stomach and headaches, Safe in usual quantities, but spearmint oil is a mucous membrane irritant and potentially toxic when ingested, Topical use for burns; occasionally ingested, Safe for topical use; juice is relatively safe; ingestion of aloe resin (a purgative) may cause diarrhea, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and prolonged bleeding; potential interactions with hypoglycemics and cardiac glycosides, Safe as a food seasoning, toxic alveolitis reported from inhaling lemongrass oil, A Physician's Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care, Hispanic Center of Excellence (Baylor College of Medicine and University of Texas-Pan American), Language Line Services (interpreter services), Office of Minority Health: Cultural Competency, Office of Minority Health: National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS), Oregon Health & Science University: Spanish education handouts for clinicians, Tool for Assessing Cultural Competence Training (TACCT) Resource Guide, Transcultural Nursing: Diversity in Health and Illness, University of Washington Medical Center: Culture Clues tip sheets. The Bracero program, a guest worker program started in 1942, was designed to bring experienced agricultural laborers to the U.S. from Mexico and led to a huge influx of Mexican immigrants. Herbal therapies play a major role in Latino folk medicine, so knowing the Spanish names of common herbs can be helpful (eTable A). Spanish language handouts are a better option. Data Synthesis: Hispanics were identified homogenously in some studies and more correctly as a heterogeneous population in others. Moreover, the family itself can play an enormously important role in supporting and empowering the patient within the medical setting. Hispanic people are the youngest population, with 33% below age 18, and 57% below age 34 (Figure 4). National Prevention Week 2020 is about Our Lives. Approximately 11.8 percent of Latinos older than 20 years and 13.3 percent of Mexican Americans have diabetes. These terms are derived from the Spanish verb curar, which means to heal. By comparison, only 35% of Hispanics 50 and older say the same - a 30-percentage-point gap. Yet the call for cultural competence can-at its best-urge practitioners to adopt instead a stance of cultural "humility": one which encourages an open mind, and a recognition that each one of us sees the world through our own very distinctive cultural lenses. A little more than 45 percent of all births in Mexico are Cesarean sections, which makes it one of the world's leaders in the practice. Abdominal pain may be attributed to empacho, or food stuck in the intestine. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. National Prevention Week is a SAMHSA-supported annual health observance dedicated to increasing public awareness of, and action around, substance use and mental health issues. A 2020 review study found that those in the Hispanic community may face several barriers that affect access to treatment, including: higher rates of unemployment less likelihood of having. 13 Kaiser, "A Provider's Handbook," 6-7. Alonso, M., Val, E., & Rapaport, M. M. An open-label study of SSRI treatment in depressed Hispanic and non-Hispanic women. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of antiretroviral-naive patients 18 years and older attending their first visit at Thomas Street Health Center in . Notably, studies that disaggregate Hispanics by their ancestral origin may provide greater insight into the sources of ethnic disparities. These numbers include Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Central and South Americans, Cubans, and many other communities although, throughout California, the vast majority of Latinos identify themselves as of Mexican background. Vari Hall, Santa Clara University500 El Camino RealSanta Clara, CA 95053408-554-5319, Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination, Hackworth Fellowships Project Showcase 2021, The Ethics of Going Back to School in a Pandemic, Systemic Racism, Police Brutality, and the Killing of George Floyd, COVID-19: Ethics, Health and Moving Forward, The Ethical Implications of Mass Shootings, Political Speech in the Age of Social Media, Point/Counterpoint: Democratic Legitimacy, Brett Kavanaugh and the Ethics of the Supreme Court Confirmation Process, https://depts.washington.edu/pfes/PDFs/LatinoCultureClue.pdf, Culturally Competent Care for Latino Patients. In a 2002 report from the Institute of Medicine, more than 175 studies were cited to document this disparity.6 In an attempt to address this problem, the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) were released in 2001 by the Office of Minority Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.7 Fourteen guidelines were published, which were organized around three main themes: culturally competent care, language access services, and organizational supports. You recommend a compromise treatment plan for her diabetes and grief. We sought to compare the treatment outcomes of undocumented and documented patients 12-months after entering HIV care. Asian or Hispanic ancestry. The 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines lowered the blood pressure threshold for diagnosis of stage I hypertension to 130-139/80-89 mm Hg. Case 1: Delinquency or a Mental Health Problem: The Case of Pablo Sanchez, Case 3: From Chronic to Critical: End-of-Life Decisions. . Latinx/Hispanic Communities and Mental Health Mental Health America Offers information about mental health issues in Latinx/Hispanic communities, including demographics, prevalence, treatment issues, and more. There are also differences in drug use within the Hispanic population as shown in Figure 1.