Mahmoud has lived his life trying to be invisible since the civil war started because in Syria that is how he can stay safe. No boat today. Mahmouds mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Well all go! Isabel cried. Mahmoud barely had time to yell Run! and drag Waleed and his sister away before the whole building came crashing down into the street, thundering like a jet fighter. Josef gave his mother a frightened glance that said, Whats wrong with Papa? Fatima continues to go from tent to tent, asking about, Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15 to 16 days from home, cries over all of the events of the past two weeks, he apologizes for giving, Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days from home, food, water, and other supplies. My family was killed in an airstrike, one of the soldiers said. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Josef, Ruthie, Renata, and Evelyne had to swallow their snickers as the steward reached down with his free hand and tried and failed to open the door. You should stand up for your country! GitHub export from English Wikipedia. This gains a large amount of media attention, and Austrians greet them at the border with food, water, and medicine. Youssef, no! Mom cried. For this crime against the German people, you will be taken into protective custody. Josef looked at his father, panicked. But Syrians knew protesting in the streets was dangerous. Wheres your mama? Ruthie asked. But Isabel found Ivn and his father, Rudi, right where she thought theyd beworking on their boat in the shed. No, no, no, Lito said. Smoke rose from behind an apartment building. Josef sacrifices himself when his family is refused refuge in Cuba, in order for his sister, Ruth, to be saved from the extermination camps. What would the United States be like? He recalls, We barely made it, the boat sunk, and many people perished. Mahmoud arrived on a barren Greek island, where he was picked up by another boat. How long will it take to get to Florida? she asked. How would they live? It hadnt always been this way. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. long days trying to get to the boat on time, and now it isnt coming. Are you ready? Fried fish, it smelled like. But he knew better. By tomorrow night, maybe. It was the day Josef would leave his childhood behind and become a man, and he could hardly contain his excitement. The captain himself has arranged it, Mama said. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Quickly now, children, Mama said. Instant PDF downloads. What about my action figures? Waleed asked. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Or had he dreamed it? Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Hana Bishara. Wait! Isabel ignored him. It was a marriage procession, Mahmoud realized. Germany is a long way away. (LogOut/ (including. What if there was a line of police waiting to arrest them at the beach? But the only people who could afford to give her pesos were the tourists visitors from Canada or Europe or Mexico. Teachers and parents! It wasnt US agents. toe in concrete dust. Then, any left. Josefs father threw himself past the sailor and stumbled into the ramps railing before righting himself and sprinting up the gangway. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. He felt tears come to his eyes and wiped them away. A shabby-looking man stumbled out from behind the crates and luggage piled up on the dock, and Ruthie screamed. Mahmoud el Wahb, writer (Turkey) Marcelle Shehwaro, New York NY (USA) . Castro condemned the violence that had broken out on the Malecn, blaming it on US agents. Buskers played rumbas on guitars and drums. After the week, they return to the mall but two men threaten them and demand an exorbitant amount of money in order to stay. Lito! My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Home. She threw herself into her grandfathers arms. But if he looked right at them, they would In the gallery above, Josef saw one of the crew slam a fist down on the railing and storm off. How else am I going to play Angry Birds? He was joking again. After walking for days, the family finally crosses the border into Turkey, in step with hundreds of other fleeing refugees (3.5 million and counting refugees now live in Turkey). They get to Cuba first and unload their passengers, and who knows? Ruthie would have started kindergarten that year if Jews were still allowed to go to school. Waleed Bishara. Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14 to 15 days from home, Policemen are guarding the border from Greece to Macedonia, and, Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15 to 16 days from home, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 16 days from home, yelling in Arabic that they dont want their filth in Hungary either, calling them parasites., The policeman then says that they will be sent back to Serbia. Ive been talking to him on WhatsApp, Dad continued, holding up his phone. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Change). Mahmoud told his dad that he wanted to board a boat and go to Italy, where he'd have a chance to go to school. (LogOut/ The building groaned again, and a kitchen on the top floor began to tip toward the street. Youssef Bishara. I parked the car nearby. Isabel weaved in and out among them, her trumpet tucked under one arm, looking for Papi and Lito. Check Pages 1-50 of refugee_-_alan_gratz in the flip PDF version. At first Josef thought the teacher was going to ask him to do a math problem on the board. Anything at all. She lunged for her children, but one of the Nazis grabbed her nightgown and pulled her back. This is what they do. Back when people saw them. It has received positive reviews that praised its style and historical accuracy. It was his whole neighborhood. The wall of his apartment exploded, blasting broken bits of concrete and glass through the room. They liked to spend their afternoons and weekends reading comic books and watching superhero movies and playing video games. My dearest Rachel! he said. No ambulances came to help the wounded. If you were invisible, the bad people couldnt hurt you, that was true. She had gone back for whatever she could take from the apartment. Not until we reach Cuba. I dont want to go to Cuba, Ruth whined as the train got under way. Down with Fidel! Papi! Isabel cried. Sell it, Isabel told him. Isabel had to stop and think about that. Refugee is a young adult novel written by Alan Gratz and was first published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. . Like this? Ill get another one in the States, she said. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. No ambulances came to help the wounded. Look at this one! he said, pointing to the wet spot on Josefs nightclothes. He stood taller, tugged at the bottom of his brown shirt to straighten it, then turned and marched away. But the good people couldnt help you, either. Josef could barely walk. No, no, her mother said. However, Mahmoud pulls Hana out of his mothers arms and someone takes her on board, saving her from drowning and the freezing water (many such travelers are unable to save themselves or their children. By train? Mom! Mahmoud yelled. The kitten wasnt too different from her, Isabel realized: thin, hungry, and in need of a bath. Last updated by Jill W on 01 Sep 20:48 Answers: 1. Maybe we shouldnt talk about drowning, Papi said, clutching to the side of the boat as they chopped into a wave. Flying highest above them all, as if to remind everyone who was in charge, was the red-and-white Nazi flag with the black swastika in the middle. BANG! Shes a baby. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. When she took Luiss hand, Isabel guessed she was his girlfriend. Not any longer. Pleasedont. Ruth wrapped herself around Josefs leg and wailed. It was hard to see for all the people. Thank you! Isabel cried. LitCharts Teacher Editions. He dies in a concentration camp. The Adventure A former teacher, doctor, rescue worker, and media activist relate their experiences of love, death, and survival from a besieged Syrian suburb. Youre on CNN, a woman said in Spanish, her face nothing but a silhouette against the light. I promise. He kept frowning at the motor and the rudder like there was something wrong, but besides a quick patch job of stuffing a sock into the bullet hole, everything was good. At prayer time, Mahmoud, his family, and many of the other refugees stop to pray, disturbing the tourists that are traveling with them. Josef tiptoed down the corridor. What is the name of the ship Josefs family will travel on? Without offering any additional details while the disturbance continues, Iranian official television reported that the death toll from protests following the murder of a 22-year-old woman in police custody has increased to nearly two dozen. Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. One issue she experiences, however, is that she is unable to count a Cuban rhythm called clave, which she thinks is supposed to come naturally to Cubans. Back in Syria, it was a tradition to be escorted to your wedding by a parade of cars, to help carry you into your new life. Mahmoud! What am I going to do with that? he asked. Not without Josefs father. (Bishara 1993) The implication of such a position is that the Palestinian citizens in Israel do not take an active part in a classical anti-colonialist struggle, while . When they got close to the ramp, Papa hunkered down behind the last of the crates. Her name is Leona. The old fisherman sighed and took the squirming kitten from her. He has one brother one baby sister and a mom and dad. Well find her and bring her home., Were not criminals! one of the other men in the cell yelled at him. He shook his head, trying to clear the ringing, and spied his little brother. When they pulled his white linen shirt off him, his back was covered with welts. Josef felt his skin tingle. These boys had just wanted to beat someone up. But, more than a teacher, I am a learner! Them other two ships is smaller and faster. It was the one with the red bandanna. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Josef landeau, Isabel Fernandez, Mahmoud Bishara and more. Soon all of them were laughing with her. Their room was spotless, the bed linens were freshly laundered, and the hand towels were pressed and neatly stacked. One such scholar is Mahmoud Mamdani who, although he shares many of Rouhana's concerns, makes a useful comparison between the Native American and Palestinian situations. A man in Damascus, the capital of Syria, was imprisoned for speaking out against Assad. The street is filled with rubble, and buildings are collapsing around them. Mahmoud grapples with this question of whether it is better to be invisible or visible over the course of the novel as his family travels from Syria to Germany. Did no one else see the Nazi flag overhead as we came on board? Will you not go to your own sons bar mitzvah, then? Josefs mother and Ruthie were already dressed in their nice Shabbos dresses. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. He kicked and flailed in a panic, but one of the shadows caught his ankle and dragged him face-first across his bed. I cant fall out of the boat, because I have already fallen for this princess of the sea! he said. She wore a dark blue wool dress with a white sailors collar and carried her white corduroy stuffed rabbit, Bitsy, everywhere she went. I am a college student studying to be an elementary school teacher. Thank God youre safe! he told her. Disappear. One group is handing out diapers. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Just not to them. His novel weaves together the stories of three children: A Jewish boy whose family tried to escape Nazi Germany on a ship called the St. Louis in the 1940's; a Cuban girl who flees Havana on a raft. He wanted to look away, but he was worried that might make the guards think he was hiding something. Didnt Castro say it was all right to leave? The family takes a bus to reach a port city, but the promised boat that will transport them to Greece is not there. One day, the bombings and war hit home, literally. Fatima continues to go from tent to tent, asking about Hana. She ran home again. There! He stayed there the rest of the trip, his armband securely in place and as visible as possible. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Apparently, they were all coming along for the ride. Isabel turned, holding a hand up in front of her eyes and expecting to see a police searchlight shining on her. In the seat beside him, Waleed sat up straight next to his open window, unmoving and unfazed. Fatima! Ill stay here with your father. Josef and Ruth were only too glad to get away from Papa. the wall. The man at the concession stand sold newspapers, and Josef took one and put a coin on the counter. Its fur was scraggly and dull, and Isabel could feel the cats bones through its skin. Head down, hoodie up, eyes on the ground. The people on board try to push them off, afraid they will capsize the fragile boat. We can wait our turn. The startled man at the front of the line motioned for them to go ahead, and Josefs mother thanked him. Isabel fell into the water and swam the rest of the way to the boat, but her father was already climbing over the side. Good and bad things happened either way. He used her childhood nickname, like he always did. Mahmoud By Refugee Action November 18, 2016 Refugee Voices In Syria, Mahmoud was a successful tradesman, living happily with his wife and four children in a big house in the country's capital, Damascus. They walk to a bus stop and reach the Hungarian border. But now the streets were full of people yelling, Down with Fidel! The soldier with the iPhone scrolled up the map to see their destination. That shut everybody up. Be free, Papi said finally. They looked tired and poor and wretched. A trap. Mama sighed. But, I No, Lito protested. Isabel stood for what seemed like hours, her insides churning like a waterspout. Not everyone did it anymore, but to Lito it was like an art form. He understands that being unnoticed helps him avoid trouble, but he also begins to see the problems with remaining invisible, because it prevents good people from taking notice of them and providing aid. Ill be a man in six months and eleven days. The Nazis laughed again. She had bright eyes, wild brown haircut in a bob and parted on the side a little gap between her 2 front teeth. He howled louder than a fighter jet, and his parents didnt even tell him to hush. He wasnt used to the sounds of this new flat, the smaller one he and his family had been forced to move into. The boat! Papi called. Mahmoud had been going to meet his best friend, Khalid. Were leaving Aleppo. Refugee Character Analysis Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. They ate and slept and read books like Jews. It was him. No! Everyone on the crew had treated Josef and his family with kindness and respect, despite his fathers repeated warnings that all Germans were out to get them. If you really . Mahmoud Bishara is a 12 year old boy who lived in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. Klaus had been wearing the same uniform this boy did now. She put the little kitten back under her house and ran inside for her trumpet. A social worker approaches Mahmouds family and asks if they are seeking asylum in Germany (Germany accepted 124,845 Syrian refugees in 2017 and the EU as a whole accepted 538,000 total refugees). He spotted the piece of candy Josef had bought for Ruth and took it. If the phones were out, he was probably working on trying to fix them. excluding an estimated 2.5 million nomads; 24,532,000 (2006E, including nomads). Mahmoud then gives, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3), Greece. Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. Some people fled from the chaos, but more people raced toward it, and Isabel ran with them. And he wasnt the only one. When Syria rioted, their leader Bashar al-Assad turned against his own people and has warred against them ever since. Barrel bombs were filled with nails and scrap metal, and if you didnt have a wall to duck behind youd be shredded to pieces. Josef, his mother, and Ruthie stopped short just inside the first-class social hall. The guards and officials threaten the refugees, but no one listens. Mahmoud screams, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (1), phone bobbing in the water in a plastic bag, and catches it. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." on her iPhone. It follows Josef Landau, a German Jew in the 1930s, who tries to escape Germany to Cuba, Isabel Fernandez, a Cuban girl in 1994, who tries to escape Cuba's hunger crisis following the dissolution of the Soviet Union to the US, and Mahmoud Bishara, a Syrian youth in 2015 whose house gets destroyed by a missile and whose family decides to seek asylum in Germany. What choice do we have? They were all quiet a moment more, until her father said, But I dont even have a boat. Isabel nodded. Ever since the Nazis had taken over six years ago, Jews were fleeing Germany. Record what books your kids are reading. The paint was peeling, and the buildings were old and weathered, but they still looked grand to Isabel. Nobody would tell her anything, and Josef began to despair that he would never see his father again. People were as thick on the ground as sugarcane. Isabel is deeply tied to her Cuban heritage, particularly through her music. Mahmouds heart was still racing when someone put a hand on his shoulder, and he jumped. Sit down! Put that on. Instead, they are sent to France, where they stay. Based on the events of the story, which most likely will happen? Without these stupid armbands, without the letter J stamped on his passport, would anyone know he was Jewish? He wore the same thing he did every time he was on television a green military jacket and flat round capand sat behind a row of microphones. All nine hundred and eight of them! If you were caught trying to leave for el norte by boat, Castro would throw you in jail. Like this book? Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Officer Padron just looked away. ShhhhhHHHHHHTHOOOOOOM! The Brownshirt whod taken his father away on Kristallnacht had said, Well come for you soon enough, but Josef hadnt waited. (including. Shed never known any other life except this one. Isabel sipped from a bottle of soda. But you have fish to eat. Josef caught his reflection in one of the windows. Papis eyes were wide as he stood from the kitchen table. Some of them wore regular clothes: white shirts with the sleeves rolled up, gray slacks, brown wool caps, leather work boots. Mahmoud realizes it is up to him to do something. Chabela, come on! Mami was already in the boat, and Papi was helping Ivn in. Struggling with distance learning? Chabela! her mother called. Mahmoud Bishara's story begins in 2015, during the ongoing Syrian Civil War. It took her a moment to process it, but this was really happening. They kept arguing, but the engine and the slap of the boat against the waves drowned their words out for Isabel. Instant PDF downloads. And do you know what the greatest failures are? he asked. Mahmoud finally sees the power of visibility when he decides to walk out of the Hungarian detention center and lead the other refugees on a 12-hour march to Austria. Weve spent too much time talking about it and not doing anything. Just ahead of them, two boys had another boy up against what was left of a wall, about to take the bag of bread he carried. My father just got out of a concentration camp. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. Mahmouds heart was racing, his ears still buzzed, and his shoulder burned, but they were alive. Teachers and parents! With a jolt of surprise, Mahmoud realized this kind of thing did happen every day. T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara. In some places, women were being stoned and killed for not covering up their entire bodies, especially in areas controlled by Daeshwhat the rest of the world called ISIS. Complete your free account to request a guide. Well all go, while Castro is letting people out, she went on. And food ration booklets were pretty worthless anywaythere wasnt enough food to go around, whether you had a booklet or not. Josef sacrifices himself in order to relieve his mother from the burden of this choice and to save his little sister Ruthie from the concentration camps. His fathers shirt was stained at the armpits, and with a quick sniff of his own shirt Mahmoud realized he stank too. Struggling with distance learning? I know, dear. That afternoon, a group of Hitler Youth were waiting for Josef outside the school. Because I was just doing my job?. The boy who had died so Ruthie could live. Isabels narrative is eerily similar to that of many Cubans under the dictatorship of Fidel Castro. Together they hurried to the ramp as best they could, carrying all the suitcases. Well buy new ones! Mahmoud told him. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. And the worst part was, Klaus had joined them. But Josef and his mother and sister werent going anywhere. On top of this, he deals with coping, loss, and hardship. He was covered with a fine gray powder from head to foot, like hed taken a bath in dry concrete mix. He blinked, still dazed, and then he understood. Mahmoud started his journey in Turkey, where, like so many others, he was smuggled to Greece in a rubber boat. The camera lights swung around again, and thats when Isabel saw the police. Where are Waleed and Hana? his father asked. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Ivn, nail. Ivn handed him another nail. You must leave your coat on and never go anywhere without it, do you understand? People rushed out of the side streets. They called it Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass. Among the people who join Isabel on the journey is her grandfather Lito, who is eventually revealed to be Mariano Padron, the Cuban officer who, decades ago, prevented Josef from entering Havana.