Ukraine has become a seedbed of conflict between Russia and the West. [citation needed] However, there are no major international banks in the Crimea. mineral resources - natural resources in the form of minerals. Uchan-su, on the south slope of the mountains, is the highest waterfall in Crimea. ", "Crimea opens the largest and most beautiful airport in Russia's south", "New terminal of Simferopol airport opened at Crimea", "Australia imposes sanctions on Russians after annexation of Crimea from Ukraine", "Japan imposes sanctions against Russia over Crimea independence", "EU sanctions add to Putin's Crimea headache", "Special Economic Measures (Ukraine) Regulations", "Australia and sanctions Consolidated List Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision 2014/145/CFSPconcerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine", "Crimea hit by multiple sanctions as power, transport and banking communications are cut off", "Visa and MasterCard quit Crimea over US sanctions", "Sanctions trump patriotism for Russian banks in Crimea", "Kyiv vows to restore Ukrainian rule over Crimea to re-establish 'world law and order', "Results of Census: Population of Crimea is 2.284 Million People - Information agency "Krym Media", "Regions of Ukraine / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", "Census of the population is transferred to 2016", "Results / General results of the census / Linguistic composition of the population / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", administrative divisions of the Taurida Governorate, "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 Taurida Governorate", " Weekly . [63] Bark beetles are pests of tree crops, and are themselves hosts for Elattoma mites and various entomopathogenic fungi transmitted by those Elattomae. According to National Geographic, Crimea was among the top 20 travel destinations in 2013. Global food security is the biggest concern if Ukraine's exports are disturbed. Photo: AxeL M, CC BY-SA 4.0. [citation needed] The Mir payment system operated by the Central Bank of Russia operates in Crimea as well as Master Card and Visa. There are signs the Black Sea contains a lot of wealth. To illustrate, the US' Boeing has broadened its titanium supply chain since 2014, when Russia was sanctioned for its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, however, it is still heavily reliant on Russia's VSMPO-AVISMA -- world's largest manufacturer of titanium -- for the supply of the metal. Meanwhile, owing to distance, US wheat amounts to less than 10 per cent of what caters to those regions. Trolleybuses are also operated in Sevastopol and Kerch. Grain exports are the mainstay of Ukraine's economy. Some varieties are found in many regions of the Crimea, other specimens are considered rare. The country's geostrategic position has rendered it susceptible to the ongoing larger conflict between Russia and the West. Photo: NASA, Public domain. Much of the country's corn and wheat are destined for Africa and West Asia, which are heavily reliant on imports for food items. Crimea's strategic position led to the 1854 Crimean War and many short lived regimes following the 1917 Russian Revolution. The Crimean Tatars were forcibly expelled to Central Asia by Joseph Stalin's government as a form of collective punishment, on the grounds that some had joined the invading Waffen-SS, forming Tatar Legions, during World War II. Acquiring Crimea Vastly Increased Russia's Potential Oil & Gas Reserves - Outside the Beltway Acquiring Crimea Vastly Increased Russia's Potential Oil & Gas Reserves Not surprisingly, Russia's. New York, Oil shale reserves (3.7 billion tons) have been discovered at the border of the Kirovohrad and Cherkasy regions. [92], According to the 2014 Russian census, 84% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 7.9% Crimean Tatar; 3.7% Tatar; and 3.3% Ukrainian. Of course, this figure is less impressive than in 2019 when eight million people visited the region, but it is still quite impressive. A senior Pentagon official has called the war's frontlines in Ukraine a "grinding slog" as he said that Russian forces are unlikely to make significant . Furthermore, the natural gas that Russia sends to Europe travels largely through pipelines that snake across the Ukrainian landscape. After the fall of the Soviet empire, Tatars began to return to their ancestral Crimean homeland, where they now number about 250,000 roughly 12 percent of the Crimean population. (2010) and Ukraine-Crimea-Russia: Triangle of Conflict (2007). Under Russian rule it became a kind of riviera. The country has to look no further than to its west - Ukraine. [48] The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240260 days on the south coast. At the beginning of the 20th century, a major development of palaces, villas, and dachas beganmost of which remain. Ivan Aivazovsky, the 19th-century marine painter of Armenian origin, who is considered one of the major artists of his era was born in Feodosia and lived there for the most part of his life. Bakhchisarai (15321783). Posted by: Manali, Feb 25, 2022, 1:00 PM IST. [48] In the mountains, the mean annual temperature is around 5.7C (42.3F). wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber, note, formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources Land use agricultural land: 13.1% (2018 est.) Ukraine has extremely rich and complementary mineral resources in high concentrations and close proximity to each other. It's the leading nation when it comes to reserves of titanium, iron and non-metallic raw materials. [48] It is characterized by diversity and the presence of microclimates. During WWII, they were forcibly deported on the orders of Stalin, as they were regarded as a potential "fifth column". Simferopol/Ak-Mechet, the modern capital. [53], According to the International Transport Workers' Federation, as of 2013[update] there were at least 12 operating merchant seaports in Crimea. All the strategic positions notwithstanding, to Russia and the West, Ukraine of the future is an untouched, untapped, natural resource hotspot. Tough choice for Ukraine. Ores such as iron, titanium, and non-metallic raw materials are some of the country's major exports, and so are iron ore ($3.36 billion), corn ($4.77 billion), semi-finished iron ($2.55 billion), and seed oils ($3.75 billion), which are exported largely to China ($3.94 billion), Germany ($3.08 billion), and Italy ($2.57 billion), Poland ($2.75 billion), and to Russia ($4.69 billion). Water is clear and fresh. Almost every settlement in Crimea is connected with another settlement by bus lines. The energy picture in Crimea and Ukraine is also tricky: Crimea relies on Ukraine for much of its electricity, and Europe relies on Russia for about 25 percent of its natural gas, according. Strabo (Geography vii 4.3, xi. Heres how it works. Are Ukraine's vast natural resources a real reason behind Russia's invasion? [94] In 2013, however, the Crimean Tatar language was estimated to be on the brink of extinction, being taught in Crimea only in around 15 schools at that point. Just south of Kerch the new Crimean Bridge (opened in 2018) connects Crimea to the Taman Peninsula. The main range of these mountains rises with extraordinary abruptness from the deep floor of the Black Sea to an altitude of 6001,545 metres (1,9695,069ft), beginning at the southwest point of the peninsula, called Cape Fiolent. Natural reserves of Crimea are six objects on the territory of which plants, animals, landscapes and ecosystems are carefully preserved. Livestock production includes cattle breeding, poultry keeping, and sheep breeding. [50] In July mean temperatures range from 15.4C (59.7F) in Ai-Petri to 23.4C (74.1F) in the central parts of Crimea to 24.4C (75.9F) in Myskhor. under the crescent flag of Islam, began to be a place where Christians were persecuted. However, no mining work is happening in the area currently. "Shortly before the occupation, agreements were . The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character. He also created battle paintings during the Crimean War. The main branches of the modern Crimean economy are agriculture and fishing oysters pearls, industry and manufacturing, tourism, and ports. Visa and MasterCard temporarily stopped service in Crimea in December 2014. [36] The largest rivers are the Salhyr (Salr, ), the Kacha (), the Alma (), and the Belbek (). The city Staryi Krym ('Old Crimea'),[3] served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Golden Horde. ), NPO Saturn with Perm PMZ; either GTD-110M modified or GTE-160 or 180 units or UTZ KTZ or a V94.2 bought by MAPNA, modified in Russian plants for PGU Thermal plants specifics. Crimea is almost an island and only connected to the continent by the Isthmus of Perekop, a strip of land about 57 kilometres (3.14.3mi) wide. [18] In English usage since the early modern period the Crimean Khanate is referred to as Crim Tartary.[19]. The point that the US is aiming to make is to stop Russia from dominating Europe through energy dependence and what US Secretary of State Antony Blinken termed "weaponising heat" by controlling gas during winter months when Europe needs Russia to stay warm. 2) Economical exploitation is carried out in Crimea. And Crimea which rests about 200 miles (322 km) northwest of Sochi, Russia enjoys the same mild, year-round climate as the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics. During its heyday, 27,000 children a year vacationed at Artek. [48] As well, winds from the southwest bring very warm and wet air from the subtropical latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea and cause precipitation during fall and winter. The, Ab al-Fid, Mukhtaar trkh al-bashar (, Slater, Eric. [41] The general trend is for the former lakes to become salt pans. Cape Fiolent. They may be outnumbered, however: While much of western Ukraine favors a greater political, economic and cultural alliance with Western Europe and the United States, the majority of those in eastern Ukraine and Crimea where many residents are ethnic Russians look to Moscow for leadership and support. Natural resources may also include animals, birds, fish, and . One of the modern Ukrainian drilling rigs stolen by Russia during the annexation of the Crimea. [48], Precipitation in Crimea varies significantly based on location; it ranges from 310 millimetres (12.2in) in Chornomorske to 1,220 millimetres (48.0in) at the highest altitudes in the Crimean mountains. When did Democrats and Republicans switch platforms? This makes for significant annual fluctuation in water flow, with many streams drying up completely during the summer. Race between Russia and the West for Ukrainian resources. [120] Due to Russia currently being suspended from all international athletic competitions Rebrik participates in tournaments as a "neutral" athlete.[121]. In the invasion of Crimea, Russia also seized subsidiaries of Ukraine's state energy conglomerate Naftogaz operating in the Black Sea, and stole billions of dollars of equipment for Gazprom, Russia's state-owned energy company. Ethnic composition of Crimea's population has changed dramatically since the early 20th century. Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 12611475., These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. Common examples of natural resources include air, sunlight, water, soil, stone, plants, animals and fossil fuels. Also many solar photovoltaic SES plants lie along the peninsula, in addition to a smaller facility north of Sevastopol. In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the "referendum" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south Natural Resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land Natural Hazards: NA Further east is Sudak/Sougdia/Soldaia with its Genoese fort. At the northeast point of the Sea of Azov at the mouth of the Don River were Tanais, Azak/Azov and now Rostov-on-Don. Sources and Further Reference Sydnor, Charles S. "The Development of Southern Sectionalism 1819-1848." A foothold in the country would mean an economic driver, energy security, and a strong and secure strategic position. Though the United States, along with many other nations and the U.N., has refused to recognize the validity of Russia's annexation of Crimea, its control remains disputed between both Ukraine and the Russian Federation. [24], From 1853 to 1856, the strategic position of the peninsula in controlling the Black Sea meant that it was the site of the principal engagements of the Crimean War, where Russia lost to a French-led alliance.[25]. We simply do not know. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Crimean Tatars began to return to the region. However, ironically enough, Ukraine depends on gas imports and it is primarily because the USSR began extracting gas on a large scale in Siberia in the 1970s. Crimean water resources are limited, failing to fully meet the drinking and economic needs of the region. The loss of jurisdiction over Crimea, whose significant offshore gas resources are no longer accessible to Ukraine, means natural gas reserve . Inside these zones, countries. [48] The Southern Coast is shielded from cold air masses coming from the north and, as a result, has milder winters. Troop movements are also being conflated. The peninsula was originally populated by several groups of steppe nomads and mountainous people. Moscow's Crimea annexation is a double whammy against Ukrainian energy security - blocking Kiev's access to Black Sea oil and gas while extending Mr. Putin's energy dominance in Europe. By Alexander_Kudrin. An invasion force would be expected to be at least three times current levels. [109][110][111] This was part of the 800,000 Germans in Russia who were relocated within the Soviet Union during Stalinist times. The majority of auto companies are looking at lithium reserves across the world. It was often fortified and sometimes garrisoned by the Turks. [108] According to the 2001 Ukrainian population census, 60% of the population of Crimea are ethnic Russians and 24% are ethnic Ukrainians.[107]. The natural resources of Ukraine can be divided into three main groups; energy resource, metal ores, and non-metal ores. Interior: Most of the former capitals of Crimea stood on the north side of the mountains. Follow us @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Notice that you also then claim the Azov Sea as a bonus, since you now have to pass through the economic zone to get there, exactly what Russia has done. Some clubs registered to join the Russian leagues but the Football Federation of Ukraine objected. [49], The climate of Crimea is influenced by its geographic location, relief, and influences from the Black sea. In order to feed the energy-hungry Europe, Russia set up the Nord Stream II gas pipeline to transport natural gas which would be cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable. He is the author of Russian Nationalism and the Russian-Ukrainian War (Routledge 2022) and joint editor of Ukraine's Outpost. [48] In January mean temperatures range from 3C (26.6F) in Armiansk to 4.4C (39.9F) in Myskhor. Once a flourishing and wealthy colony of ancient Greeks, a trade hub for Venetians and Genoese, a center of sciences and the arts! The new illegal Crimean government has entrusted Gazprom to manage the peninsula's energy resources. In the nearby townlet village of Molochnoye, a 1.6km-long tram line provides the only connection between the sea shore and a holiday resort, but its operation is halted since 2015. Presently, Russia supplies 40 per cent to 50 per cent of Europe's gas consumption via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline as well as the Ukrainian network. In May 2015, work began on a multibillion-dollar road-rail link (a pair of parallel bridges) across the Kerch Strait. By annexing Ukrainian land on the Black Sea coast, Putin also annexes the rights to any hydrocarbons found in its maritime zones. As of late 2019, known Ukrainian reserves amounted to 1.09 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, second only to Norway's known resources of 1.53 trillion cubic meters. Until 2014 the network was part of the Cisdneper Directorate of the Ukrainian Railways. . [The 10 Epic Battles That Changed History]. Also important are the Kokozka (Kkkz or ), the Indole (Indol or ), the Chorna (orun, Chernaya or ), the Derekoika (Dereky or ),[37] the Karasu-Bashi (Biyuk-Karasu or -) (a tributary of the Salhyr river), the Burulcha () (also a tributary of the Salhyr), the Uchan-su, and the Ulu-Uzen'. Luke Coffey. From 1853 to 1856, the Crimean War roiled the area, as France, England and the Ottoman Empire fought the Russians for control of Crimea and the Black Sea. After Ukrainian independence in 1991, the central government and Crimea clashed, with the region being granted more autonomy. "The Crimea! [In Photos: Amazing Ruins of the Ancient World]. natural resource, any biological, mineral, or aesthetic asset afforded by nature without human intervention that can be used for some form of benefit, whether material (economic) or immaterial. In 2010, Russia negotiated an agreement that allows the country to share the all-important Sevastopol naval base through 2042, in exchange for deep discounts of about $40 billion on natural gas from Russia. Despite its devastation, the Crimean War was noteworthy for several advances: Florence Nightingale and Russian surgeons introduced modern methods of nursing and battlefield care that are still in use today; the Russians soon abolished their medieval system of serfdom (in which peasants were bound to serve landowners, even as soldiers); and the use of photography and the telegraph gave the war a distinctly modern cast. Even today, Ukraine is one of the world's largest producers of corn and wheat, and much of that passes through Crimean ports. [63] Scelioninae and Tachinidae are important parasitoids of sunnpest. Several times a week Simferopol is also linked with Volgograd, Sochi, Yekaterinburg, Omsk and even Murmansk by train. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Sivash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. The German Chancellor has stopped certifying Nord Stream II in view of Russia's aggression. The GenoeseMongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea.[22]. About 50% of fluxed limestone, 30% of iron ore, and 25% of soda out of the total reserves of Ukraine are contained in this territory. In Soviet times the many palaces were replaced with dachas and health resorts. At the east end of the 90km (56mi) Kerch Peninsula is Kerch/Panticapaeum, once the capital of the Bosporian Kingdom. Lithium fields in Ukraine are concentrated in Zaporizhzhia oblast (Kruta Balka area), Donetsk (Shevchenkivske field), and Kirovohrad (Polokhivske field, Dobra area). In the event of economic sanctions, the supply chain for titanium could be affected, and furthermore, the ability to produce aircraft could be hampered. To start with, the Skifska license block - which lies to the southwest of Crimea in the Black Sea - is estimated to hold up to 8.8 trillion cubic feet in natural gas and condensate resources (source: Ukrainian Government). Despite being rich in natural resources and blessed by a favorable geographical location and a mild climate . If Russia. The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR. For decades, a Soviet-era canal brought Crimea 85 percent of its freshwater from rivers on the Ukrainian mainland. Crimea, the role of energy has been neglected entirely or trivialized to the level of the gas dispute between a gas owner, Russia, and the transit actor, Ukraine. Sea of Azov: There is little on the south shore. The flow of holidaymakers dropped 35 percent in the first half of 2014 over the same period of 2013. All are natural resources that play critical roles in the clean energy technology essential to the shift away from fossil fuels that scientists say is necessary to ward off the worst consequences . [60], In 2014, the republic's annual GDP was $4.3billion (500 times smaller than the size of Russia's economy). Turkey provided the greatest support to Tatars in Ukraine, which had been unable to resolve the problem of education in their mother tongue in Crimea, by bringing the schools to a modern state.[95][96]. Putin has also spoken of Crimea's historic links to Russia and Russia's Black Sea Fleet. [51], The Black Sea ports of Crimea provide quick access to the Eastern Mediterranean, Balkans and Middle East. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin may have dealt the Tatars their cruelest blow: By shipping food out of Crimea to central Russia in the 1920s, Stalin starved hundreds of thousands of Tatars. The Crimean Peninsula, located on the Black Sea, has been an important strategic area for thousands of years. Primarily Muslim, the Tatars of Crimea were instrumental in making the peninsula one of the centers of Islamic culture. The Dobra and Donetsk mines were up for grabs and there has been cut-throat competition between Chinese Chengxin Lithium and Australia-listed European Lithium, and both the companies want a foothold in the European lithium industry. For reprint rights: Syndications Today. The most famous is Yalta, whose territory has been permanently withdrawn from economic exploitation. 2. [89], Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. According to Reuters, Crimea may nationalize oil and gas assets within its borders belonging to Ukraine, and sell them off to Russia. After the Soviets regained control in 1944, they deported the Crimean Tartars and several other nationalities to elsewhere in the USSR. Points of Interest & Landmarks Churches & Cathedrals. At the mouth of the Bug stood Olvia. [34] These mountains are backed by secondary parallel ranges. [citation needed] It was the first official census in Crimea since a Ukrainian-held census in 2001. Suggestions argued in various sources include: Other suggestions either unsupported or contradicted by sources, apparently based on similarity in sound, include: The spelling "Crimea" is the Italian form, i.e., la Crimea, since at least the 17th century[17] and the "Crimean peninsula" becomes current during the 18th century, gradually replacing the classical name of Tauric Peninsula in the course of the 19th century. Also Read:Russia attacks Ukraine: Is this World War III? South: In the south, between the Crimean Mountains and the sea runs a narrow coastal strip which was held by the Genoese and (after 1475) by the Turks. Karasu-Bazar/Bilohorsk was a commercial center. That's why any instability in the region is bound to send shock waves through international energy markets: Crude-oil prices jumped by $2.33 a barrel on Monday (March 3), due in large part to jitters over the Russian aggression in Crimea, according to the Associated Press. Ukrainian president Zelenskiy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was "necessary to liberate Crimea" from Russian occupation and to re-establish "world law and order". However, Ukraine, which has the US' support, can thrive and capitalise on its natural resources. 23. The Belbek has the greatest average discharge at 2.16 cubic metres per second (76cuft/s). This power production is set to be bolstered by the building of and near start up of two combined cycle gas steam turbo thermal plants PGU, both providing 470 MW (116 167 MW GT, 235 MW block), a build (plant) by TPE along others with turbines provided by Power Machines (UTZ KalugaTZ? With Russia's movements becoming increasingly suspicious . Since that time, Crimea has existed as a semi-autonomous region of the Ukrainian nation, with strong political bonds to Ukraine and equally strong cultural ties to Russia. The classical name was used in 1802 in the name of the Russian Taurida Governorate. The origin of the word Qrm is uncertain. [119], A number of Crimean-born athletes have been given permission to compete for Russia instead of Ukraine at future competitions, including Vera Rebrik, the European javelin champion. Yet, these enormous reserves of energy remain largely untapped. Also Read:Russia-Ukraine war: Here's how the crisis unfolded -- a timeline. They exercise in extremis administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. [112] The 2001 Ukrainian census reports just 2,500 ethnic Germans (0.1% of population) in Crimea. [115] Notwithstanding the annexation, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) kept control of its eparchies in Crimea.[116]. The Crimean peninsula extends off the southern coast of Ukraine into the Black Sea. Cattle, poultry and sheep breeding are also important and Crimea is home to a variety of natural resources like salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone. [48] Because a high-pressure system is located north of Crimea in both summer and winter, winds predominantly come from the north and northeast year-round. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 1. natural resources - resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature. The Tatars didn't fare well in the Crimean War or in later conflicts, and many fled the region. History of construction, "Pray For Rain: Crimea's Dry-Up A Headache For Moscow, Dilemma For Kyiv", "Crimea Drills For Water As Crisis Deepens In Parched Peninsula", "Geographical Survey of the Crimean region", "Climate in Crimea, Weather in Yalta: How Often Does it Rain in Crimea? While Europe depends on Russian natural gas, the US is trying to be a more prominent Liquefied Natural Gas supplier (LNG), even though the price of LNG would be substantially higher in price than that of Russian gas. During the years of Soviet rule, the resorts and dachas of this coast served as prime perquisites of the politically loyal. Despite being rich in natural resources and blessed by a favorable geographical location and a mild climate . [21], The north and centre of Crimea fell to the Mongol Golden Horde, although the south coast was still controlled by the Christian Principality of Theodoro and Genoese colonies. The resources of the region can ultimately add further steam to the Russian economy, which in 2021 looked to fuel, energy and steel for 65% of its exports. However, Gazprom's Nord Stream II pipeline which goes through the Baltic Sea might have hit a major roadblock with the Russian President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine. Journey by a mountainous part of Crimea", "Dam leaves Crimea population in chronic water shortage", "In Crimea has receded one of the largest reservoirs", North Crimean Canal. His freelance writing has appeared in the Los Angeles Times and TheWeek.com. [Censuses in Crimean Federal District], " " [Tables with the results of the Federal Statistical observation "Census in the Crimean Federal District"], Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Transport Workers' Federation, International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories, Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), Russia currently being suspended from all international athletic competitions, 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire", "The Eye of the Whirlwind: Belarus and Ukraine", "Russia puts military on high alert as Crimea protests leave one man dead", "Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea", The Crimea Crisis An International Law Perspective, "UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity", "Three canyons trekking (Chernorechensky Canyon, Uzunja Canyon and Grand Crimean Canyon).